Formula of Alkane :
CnH2n+2
Nomenclature ( Naming )
all alkanes begin with the prefix as mentioned below and ending with -ane
(1 carbon atom) meth-
(2 carbon atoms ) eth -
( 3 carbon atoms ) prop-
( 4 carbon atoms ) but -
( 5 carbon atoms ) pent -
( 6 carbon atoms ) hex -
( 7 carbon atoms ) hept-
( 8 carbon atoms ) oct -
( 9 carbon atoms ) non-
(10 carbon atoms ) dec-
Properties of Alkane:
1) Burns in plentify supply of air, it produces carbon dioxide and water.If INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION, it gives soot, carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide and water.
2) One reaction:Free radical Substitution
Alkane will react with Chlorine in UV light conditions ( means sunlight ) to form a variety of products:
Eg:
CH4 + Cl2 ---> CH3Cl + HCl ------ equation (1)
CH3Cl + Cl2 ---> CH2Cl2 + HCl ------ equation (2)
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---> CHCl3 + HCl ------- equation (3)
CHCl3 + Cl2 ---> CCl4 + HCl ----- equation (4)
Lastly, in exam, you are EXPECTED to name, form equations and draw the structure!
